The work presents the theory of decomposition schemes as a scientific theory. It’s attributes – paradigm, field of research, aim of research, main task, decision method, basic theory model – decomposition scheme were described.  Practical aim of the theory is to suggest the mechanism of applied algorithms generation (not machine code).  It is shown that the decomposition scheme as a description changes the algorithm description and still remains declarative on the contrary to the algorithm description as imperative.  Thereby the decomposition scheme is the description, original for algorithms’ generation. The kinds of decomposition schemes and operations on them have been described. Algorithmically relevant factors which should be considered when generating algorithms in order the algorithms turned real have been described. Working over formalization and mathematical description of the phenomena and objects of the theory of the decomposition schemes have been described here. The mechanism for control of conclusions and results of the theory has been suggested. This work also describes the direction of development of the theory of the decomposition schemes. The priority direction relates to the creation and development of the system of capacious notion and abstractions. From the point of view of the practical application of the theory of the decomposition schemes there the approach which is alike to the one used in machine-building – development and promoting of hi-tech when required – as a result of the targeted research has been suggested.

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